复合结构作状语,由名词+现在分词,不定式,介词短语及with构成的独立结构做状语

状语不定式复合结构介词短语独立结构评论

一、状语有时由一个名词(或代词)加另一成份构成，是一种复合结构，也可称为独立结构(absolute construction)．最常见的是“名词+现在分词”：
The p1ane crashed，its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.
飞机坠毁，它带的炸弹触地时爆炸了。
He groaned and fell to the floor，blood streaming from his nose.
他哼了一声，鼻子流着血，倒在地上。
Weather permitting，we'll go on an excursion to the Western Hills tomorrow
天气要是合适，我们明天将去西山去玩。
The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again．
乌云散去后太阳又出来了。

、独立结构做状语还可以由过去分词(1)，形容词(2)，不成式(3)，介词短语(4)或副词(5)构成：
1、He lay on his back．his hands crossed under his head．
他脸朝天，头枕着双手躺着。
Mingyuan came in，his eyes slightly swollen．
明远眼睛微微有些肿走了进来。

2、He entered the room,his nose red with cold．
他鼻子冻得通红走了进来。
The people，their livelihood secure，now have leisure to take up sports．
现在人生活有了保障，就有时问参加体育活动了。

3、Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month．
这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出来。

4、After killing the Japanese soldier，the two partisans ran away，rifle in hand．
杀死那个日本兵之后，两个游击队员提逃掉了。

5、He put on his socks wrong side out．他袜子穿反了。

三、介词with也常可引起这种复合结构做状语
He fell asleep with the light still burning．
灯还亮着他就睡熟了。
She sat with her head bent．
她低着头坐着。
He was asleep with his head on his arms．
头枕着双臂睡着了。